LFLFC:Speech act tags
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NB: Items in bold are headers and not tag words in themselves.
- Advice (recommendation)
- Warning (advice where negative consequences are emphasized)
- Threat (where the giver of advice would be the agent of the negative consequences)
- Aspirations (expression of desires or hopes for the future)
- Clarification (asking to repeat, correcting, explanation, rephrasing, etc)
- Comparison (when two or more things or courses of action are compared)
- Confession (revealing of inner thoughts, previous actions, feelings)
- Description (not just an adjective or two, but sustained)
- Enumeration (citing of lists)
Formulaic speech
- Apology
- Betting
- Blessing
- Condolence
- Curse
- Gift (giving, accepting)
- Flowers (the special role of flowers as a cultural symbol, both as gift and other apps: at theater, at funeral, etc)
- Gratitude (expressions of gratitude for gifts, favors, etc)
- Greeting
- Intercom (office or apartment)
- Interview
- Introduction
- Leave-taking
- P/A (public addressing, e.g., airport announcements, often automated)
- Performance (public performances, e.g., stage acting, lectures, speeches)
- Proposal (of marriage)
- Telephone
- Toast (when drinking)
- Well-wishing (e.g., before a trip, exam; expressing congratulations)
- Hypothesis
- Instruction (telling/showing how something should be done; classroom teaching)
- Interrogation (intense Q/A where there is power differential: inprison, in courtroom, etc)
- Interruption (taking the floor, i.e., not just cutting in, but signaling it linguistically)
- Narration (telling about a series of sequential events in the past or present; Cf. Plans)
- Directions
- Negotiation (back and forth between interlocutors, search for consensus)
- Obfuscation
- Opinion (attacking an opinion, defending an opinion, conceding a point; not just a “I think that…”, but a sustained attack or defense)
- Phatic
- Teasing (can be rapprochement or estrangement)
- Rapprochement
- Agreement
- Acceptance
- Camaraderie (speech whose function is to create a sense of group identity)
- Compliment
- Confirmation
- Consolation
- Encouragement
- Endearment (speech acts referring to terms of endearment, such as honey, sugar, pumpkin, etc.)
- Flirtation
- Gossip
- Humor (character attempts to be funny, to humor other character; not just film comedy)
- Invitation (making, refusing)
- Offer (information, to help, to do something)
- Reassurance
- Reconciliation
- Estrangement
- Accusation
- Complaint
- Criticism (of others or of a situation in general, cf. reproach below)
- Curse
- Deception
- Defense (of oneself (or others) after criticism, accusation, insult, disbelief, reproach, etc.)
- Deflection (switching the topic of conversation so as to turn the other’s attention away from a topic sensitive to the speaker)
- Denial
- Disagreement (i.e., disagreeing with a proposition, opinion, statement, etc)
- Disbelief
- Evasion
- Insult
- Mockery
- Refusal
- Reproach (of the interlocutor)
- Threat
- Permission (seeking, granting, denying)
- Persuasion (see also “Negotiation”)
- Plans (a series of sequential events in the future)
- Promise
- Q/A (Question/Answer, i.e., asking for and giving short pieces of information)
- Reminiscence (recalling the past, often with strong emotional overtones; cf. narration)
- Request (to do something, commands)
- Speech (formal presentations to an audience)
- Supplication (intense request where the power differential between parties is explicit)
- Translation (when a foreign language is being translated into or from the target language)